中国新歌声

“三五”规划正式公布澳门迈向高质量发展新阶段_我的网站

锵锵三人行

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Tian Xuan Photo: Courtesy of Tian
In economic theory, "overcapacity" - for which no universally accepted definition exists - is inherently a recurring feature of the market economy's dynamic "balance - imbalance - rebalance" cycle. The Western narrative that equates China's sizable production capacity directly with "overcapacity" defies economic logic and rigor; in reality, it represents a politicization of trade and economic issues.
First, it confuses the concepts of "capacity scale" and "overcapacity." China's overall industrial capacity utilization remains within a reasonable range. Periodically lower utilization in traditional sectors reflects a normal adjustment as these industries advance toward high-end, intelligent, and green production. Ample capacity in certain emerging industries is precisely what meets surging global demand for high-end, smart, and green solutions. Therefore, equating scale with excess is typical equivocation.
Second, "overcapacity" itself is a dynamic feature of market economies, where no fixed balance persists indefinitely. Judging capacity based solely on static snapshots violates basic economic principles.
Third, it is erroneous to simplistically link trade surpluses or industrial subsidies to overcapacity, while ignoring the macro context of global specialization and cross-border savings-investment structures. It also disregards the reality that reasonable capacity utilization ranges differ across economies at varying stages of development. Imposing a single standard on China is neither scientific nor rigorous.
China's global competitiveness in green technology stems from sustained, large-scale investment in innovation, a comprehensive industrial and supply chain system, massive application scenarios, and intense market competition - not from alleged government subsidies. After decades of long-cycle R&D, Chinese industries have achieved breakthroughs in core technologies such as power batteries and photovoltaic modules.
During the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-25), China's nationwide R&D spending grew at an average annual rate of 10 percent. Economies of scale have continuously diluted production costs. China's ultra-large domestic market and full-chain supporting ecosystem provide an optimal testing ground for new technologies - from pilot verification to mass deployment. With more than 200 million market entities driving fierce competition, enterprises are constantly compelled to cut costs, raise efficiency, and upgrade products, thereby forging dual advantages in price and performance that we see today.
There is no direct causation between subsidies and overcapacity. Industrial subsidies are a globally recognized practice, typically aimed at correcting market failures and advancing critical technologies. China's subsidies are granted on an impartial basis to all types of market entities, in full compliance with WTO rules, and have not triggered disorderly capacity expansion.
Currently, capacity utilization in China's green industries remains within a reasonable range. Support is primarily directed toward R&D, technological breakthroughs, and consumer-side incentives through market-based mechanisms - not toward fueling overcapacity. Crucially, China's high-quality capacity has reduced the global cost of green transition, representing an opportunity rather than a shock to world development.
Against the backdrop of global carbon neutrality goals, labeling China's new energy capacity as "overcapacity" is entirely untenable. According to the International Energy Agency, global data center electricity consumption will approach 1 trillion kWh by 2030, with 40 percent of incremental power needing to come from renewables. Demand for wind power, photovoltaics, power batteries, and related green energy solutions remains far from saturated - so claims of "overcapacity" are groundless.
China's capacity plays a central role in advancing the global energy transition. Over the past decade, the levelized cost of electricity from wind and solar globally has fallen by more than 60 percent and 80 percent respectively - improvements largely attributable to Chinese innovation and manufacturing, which have directly lowered the cost threshold for worldwide green transformation.
The US journal Science crowned the global renewable energy surge led by China among its Top 10 Breakthroughs of 2025. Leveraging its technological and scale advantages, China is well positioned to supply abundant, high-quality green energy equipment and solutions, meet fast-growing renewable demand from data centers, industrial production, and other sectors, and tangibly support countries in implementing the Paris Agreement. In short, China is a pivotal force driving the global low-carbon transition.
The so-called "China Shock 2.0" is fundamentally a protectionist narrative rooted in Cold War thinking - a politically motivated claim inconsistent with facts. The rapid development of China's modern industries is driven by innovation and sustained institutional reform, not by dumping allegedly excess capacity abroad. Rather than posing a shock, China's industrial progress offers a "China Opportunity 2.0." It delivers multiple dividends to global development - innovation dividends, market dividends, and growth dividends - while injecting stability and vitality into global industrial chains through an open and win-win approach.
China's high-quality green and high-tech exports have tangibly accelerated the global green transition and reduced production costs worldwide. Meanwhile, as the world's largest goods consumption market and the second-largest importer for 17 consecutive years, China provides enormous market opportunities for economies around the globe. Moreover, China's open-source collaboration and technology sharing in frontier fields such as artificial intelligence and the digital economy enable developing countries to bridge the digital divide at lower cost and share in the benefits of the technological revolution.
The facts demonstrate that China's emerging technologies and products represent a "China Opportunity 2.0" - driving global technological progress, accelerating the green transition, improving livelihoods across nations, and bolstering the industrialization of developing economies. This open and mutually beneficial cooperation stands as the true engine of global economic recovery and sustainable development.
This article is compiled based on an interview with Tian Xuan, dean at the Guanghua School of Management and Boya Distinguished Professor of Finance of Peking University. [email protected]

。澳门8月18日电（记者齐菲、郭雨祺）澳门特区政府18日正式公布《澳门特别行政区经济和社会发展第三个五年规划（2026-2030年）》，明确未来五年澳门经济社会发展目标。新闻发布会当日下午在特区政府总部举行，特区行政长官岑浩辉与特区政府行政法务司、经济财政司、保安司、社会文化司、运输工务司主要官员共同出席。岑浩辉表示，澳门特区政府深入贯彻落实习近平主席系列重要讲话和重要指示精神，成立领导小组和工作专班，广泛开展总计40场次前期调研，完成36项专题研究，为规划编制奠定科学和民意基础。澳门“三五”规划充分体现科学性、前瞻性和可行性，充分体现和发挥行政主导优势，充分体现融入和服务国家发展大局，充分体现民主协商和凝聚社会广泛共识。下一步，特区政府还将通过制定重点项目、重点工作责任分工、重大改革举措清单，细化任务部署，强化主体责任，确保规划有序推进落实。他说，“三五”规划是澳门深化“一国两制”实践，融入和服务国家发展大局的重要创新举措。国家“十五五”规划对澳门作出新部署新要求，提供新的重大机遇。

B | 特区政府主动将澳门放在国家事业发展全局中定位和谋划，积极落实国家“十五五”规划涉澳部署。

C | “三五”规划共10篇36章、68个专栏，约8.6万字。

D | 规划明确八大发展目标：总体国家安全观全面贯彻落实；依法治理效能进一步提升；经济适度多元发展取得实质性新进展；横琴合作区建设高质量推进；教育、科技、人才一体化发展成效显现；居民福祉有效保障并逐步优化；美丽智慧澳门建设取得重要进展；更好融入和服务国家发展大局。岑浩辉表示，“三五”规划是澳门迈向高质量发展新阶段的路线图和任务书。未来五年，澳门将着力推进四项重大任务：以四大工程项目和政府引导基金为抓手，扎实推进经济适度多元发展；深化澳琴一体化发展，高质量推进横琴合作区建设；加快推进都市更新，建设美丽智慧澳门；强化内联外通，更好融入和服务国家发展大局。